A theoretical approach to the design of sustainable dwellings in hot dry zones: A Toshka case study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Architecture, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt;1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM- Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;3. Construction Research Center, Institute of Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia;4. Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran;5. Tabadol Dama Gostar Company, Tehran, Iran;6. Advanced Built and Environment Research (ABER) Center, Iran;1. Structures Rehabilitation and Materials Laboratory, University of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria;2. Research Unit “EPROAD”, University Jules Vernes of Picardie, Amiens, France;1. Energy Processes Research Group – LMFE (URAC 27) Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Morocco;2. EnR2E, National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco;3. Architect, AEM Marrakech, Morocco;1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;4. Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;5. School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China |
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| Abstract: | The Toshka project is a mega-project undertaken by the Egyptian Government. It arose as part of a plan to increase the amount of inhabited land in Egypt from 5% to 25%. Toshka is a desert region located in the southeast of Egypt’s Western Desert and lies between the Tropic of Cancer (22.00°N and 24.00°N), and longitudes (31.00°E and 32.00°E). An extensive desert reclamation project is being implemented in this region using water from the Nile. Designing dwellings is one of the challenges that architects face in this region. Toshka is currently considered uninhabited and has a hot, dry climate. Furthermore, seismically active faults lie near Toshka. It also expected that the majority of settlers will be low income citizens. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to designing desert dwellings that accommodates the hot, dry climate and secures the dwelling against seismic waves by incorporating passive elements. The results showed that underground construction using a circular plan and the use of wind catchers, evaporation, vegetal roofing and sunken courtyards can provide an acceptable, sustainable design for housing in the Western Desert. |
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| Keywords: | Toshka Hot dry climate Seismic performance Low-income dwelling Concept of design Underground construction |
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