定向凝固技术的发展与应用

定向凝固技术可使材料凝固组织按特定方向排列，获得定向及单晶组织结构，从而大大改善材料的力学和物理性能。综述了传统定向凝固技术的发展，对几种新型定向凝固技术以及连续定向凝固技术进行了评述。从定向凝固技术的演化过程看，是温度梯度不断提高，冷却速度不断加快的过程。介绍了定向凝固技术在材料制备中的应用。

Progress and Application of Unidirectional Solidification Technology

nidirectional solidification technologies enable the solidification structure of materials to put inorder along a specific direction, namely as the unidirectional or single crystal structure, which could improve scientifically mechanical and physical properties of materials. The progress of traditional unidirectional solidification technologies are generalized. The recently developed new kinds of unidirectional solidification technologies and continuous unidirectional solidification technologies are also reviewed. It is, a history of improved temperature gradient and promoted cooling rate from the aspect of unidirectional solidification technology evolution. And the applications of unidirectional solidification technology in material preparation are introduced.