Pyrolysis of epoxy resins and fire behavior of epoxy resin composites flame‐retarded with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide additives |
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| Authors: | B Schartel A I Balabanovich U Braun U Knoll J Artner M Ciesielski M Döring R Perez J K W Sandler V Altstädt T Hoffmann D Pospiech |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Technical Chemistry, Research Center Karlsruhe GmbH, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;3. Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universit?tsstraβe 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;4. Leibniz‐Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The pyrolysis of an epoxy resin and the fire behavior of corresponding carbon fiber‐reinforced composites, both flame‐retarded with either 10‐ethyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene 10‐oxide or 1,3,5‐tris2‐(9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene 10‐oxide‐10‐)ethyl]1, 3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐trione, are investigated. The different fire retardancy mechanisms are discussed, and their influence on the fire properties assessed, in particular for flammability (limiting oxygen index, UL 94) and developing fires (cone calorimeter with different external heat fluxes of 35, 50, and 70 kW m?2). Adding the flame retardants containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide affects the fire behavior by both condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. Interactions between the additives and the epoxy resin result in a change in the decomposition pathways and an increased char formation. The release of phosphorous products results in significant flame inhibition. The fire properties achieved are thus interesting with respect to industrial exploration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2260–2269, 2007 |
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| Keywords: | flame retardance thermosets composites thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) pyrolysis high performance polymers epoxy resin |
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