生态智慧视野下北京中心地区历史水系廊道恢复研究

北京地区在历史上对水系的利用和改造反映了中国传统营城中人与自然和谐共生的伟大智慧。其依靠自然不断利用、拓展、发掘新水源,依靠人工持续利用、维护、控制地表水系,注重多功能用水与城市水景融合,尊重历史水系的综合再利用,都是历代劳动人民实践的结晶。为了合理借鉴、保护和发展这些生态智慧,通过对北京中心地区高分辨率和高清晰遥感数据在地理信息系统中进行地表水系解译、水系服务廊道空间量化和恢复情景对比展开研究。结果显示:恢复玉河正义路段对水系服务廊道提升效率最高;前三门护城河、西护城河、龙须沟和东护城河潜在的水系服务廊道将会为北京中心地区带来较为完整的地表水系服务覆盖系统。传统营城生态智慧在今天依然具有旺盛的生命力。对北京历史水系进行保护、恢复、建设和发展,不仅可以为城市生态系统服务提供载体,更可以为城市文脉修复提供水系空间支撑。

Beijing Center Area Historical Water Corridor Restoration from the Perspective of Ecological Wisdom

The utilizing and reforming of the water system in Beijing''s history reflects the ecological wisdom of the harmony between human with nature. The city not only depends on nature for sustainable utility, expansion and exploration of new water sources, but also relies on artificial persistent maintenance and control of the surface water systems. The wisdom practice also includes the integration of multi-purpose water scape, and the comprehensive reuse of historical water ways. For the research of the ecological wisdom of the urban with water in Beijing, the high-resolution remote sensing data and google earth images were applied by ArcGIS. Research methods contains: 1) surface water interpretation, 2) water service corridor quantification and 3) scenario simulation comparison. The results show that the Yuhe River restoration would improve the highest efficiency of water service corridor coverage. If the covered river would be opened, such as Qiansanmen River, West Moat River, Longxugou Ditch, and East Moat River, that could bring a complete system of water service corridor for the Beijing center area. The Chinese traditional city ecological wisdom still has the vitality for today. The protection, restoration, construction and development of Beijing historical water system will not only provide better urban ecosystem services, but also help urban water context regeneration.