Efficient flame retardant of mercerized cotton through cross-linking with citric acid and ZnO nanoparticles optimized by RSM models

This research attempts to resolve high flammability of mercerized cotton (MC) through cross-linking with sodium hypophosphite (SHP) catalyst and citric acid (CA) cross-linking agent and then post-treated with ZnO nanoparticles. However, concurrent optimization of flame retardant and cross-linking treatment of MC fabrics with SHP/CA/ZnO nanocomposite were not been reported. ZnO nanoparticles were stabilized on the surface of MC fabric using CA cross-linking agents. Appropriate models were obtained based on Design of Expert software in order to create optimum physical properties. The roles of SHP, CA, and nanoZnO concentrations were optimized in flame retardant and cross-linking properties of MC fabric using response surface methodology. Also, absorbance and transmission spectra analyses (200–400 nm) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to confirm ZnO nanoparticles on the MC fabrics. The results revealed the significant and synergism influence of SHP, CA, and nanoZnO in enhancing the flame retardant property of cross-linked MC fabrics.