景观再生视野下江淮传统圩田生态智慧的继承与发展

圩田作为整体人文生态系统,是江淮地区重要的传统生态智慧。现如今圩区新城建设面临着洪涝风险加剧、生物多样性降低和传统聚居模式不再适用等多种难题,亟待传统生态智慧的重新引介与适应性发展。梳理总结了传统江淮圩田系统景观再生的动力学机制,提出圩田系统包含水、地和人3个维度,其实现景观再生的关键是经济-环境-社会系统的耦合及产生的综合效益。圩区新城建设应致力于保护圩田系统耦合关系的物质载体及其空间格局,重新建构系统新平衡。以安徽舒城杭埠新城为例,提出适应新语境的再生规划设计策略:1)倡导基于圩田系统的低影响开发;2)发挥圩田生态系统服务功能;3)建设依托圩田空间结构的开放居住组团,为传统生态智慧在当代的再生提供借鉴。

Inheritance and Development of Traditional Eco-wisdom of Polder Landscape in Yangtze River Region Based on Landscape Regeneration

As a kind of whole human ecosystem, the polder turns out to be one of the most outstanding traditional eco-wisdom in Yangtze River region. Nowadays new town development faces the problems of high risk of flooding, degradation of biodiversity and invalidation of conventional settlement pattern and urge for the inherit and redevelop the traditional polder eco-wisdom. The study summarizes the mechanism of the traditional polder landscape and finds out the system consists of water, land and inhabitants. The efficient coupling of three subsystems of economics, environment, and social makes it possible to ongoing regenerate. To maintain the existing polder system is pivotal to new town development. The paper proposes sustainable strategies of planning and design based on the case study of Hangbu New Town in Shucheng of Anhui Province, China, including low impact development strategy, enhancement of ecosystem services and construction of public open spaces system.