高分辨率地震勘探采集技术

在“九五”期间 ,胜利油田开展了高分辨率地震采集技术方法研究 ,取得了较好的研究成果。通过采用地质雷达、双井微测井等新方法 ,形成了一套表层结构调查方法 ;通过研制系列高分辨率激发震源 ,拓宽了地震子波的频带宽度 ,增加了有效波的高频成分 ;通过选择合适的激发参数来抑制虚反射 ,提高了震源能量转换效率 ;通过研究不同检波器类型、检波器埋置方式对地震采集信号的影响 ,采用抗干扰高灵敏度加速度检波器和选择合适的接收因素 ,能够接收宽频带的地震信号 ;通过对干扰波的能量分析 ,认为激发后产生的各种噪声是影响地震记录信噪比的主要原因 ,并提出了在地震波的激发和接收过程中减少噪声和压制干扰波的有效方法 ;通过对地震波基础理论以及地震数据采集技术的研究 ,总结出一套适合于胜利油田探区特点的高分辨率地震勘探野外采集技术方法。应用实例表明 ,在高信噪比的基础上最大限度地拓宽地震采集信号的有效频带 ,使野外采集的地震资料在 2 0 0 0 ms处的反射波主频达到 10 0 Hz以上 ,取得了较好的效果。

Seismic acquisition technique for high-resolution.

During the"Ninth Five-Year Plan",the study of seismic acquisition technique for high-resolution has been developed in Shengli Oil-field and good research results have been obtained.A suit of methods for surveying surface structure has been formed through adopting new methods of geologic radar and double-hole micro-logging etc;frequency band of seismic wavelet has been broadened and high-frequency component of useful wave has been increased by development of a series of high-resolution impulsive source;the ghost has been suppressed and transforming source energy efficiency has been improved by selecting suitable source parameters;seismic signal with broad-frequency band has been received by studying effect of different receiver type and its burying mode on acquired seismic signal;adopting interference-free,high-sensitive accelerometer and selecting suitable receiving factor;the mainreason for influence of signal-to-noise ratio on seismic records is considered as different noise produced after shooting by analyzing interference energy and useful methods for reducing noise and suppressing interference has been proposed in process of shooting and receiving;a suit of seismic field acquisition techniques for high-resolution suitable for characterizing Shengli Oil-field prospecting area has been summed up by studying basic seismic wave theory and seismic data and seismic data acquisition technique. The application cases show that useful frequency band of seismic acquisition signal has been broadened in maximum on the basis of high signal-to-noise ratio,dominant frequency of reflected wave at 2000ms for seismic data acquired in the field can reach above 100 Hz and good result has been achieved.