油气空间分布特征研究理论与实践

目前国外预测油气资源空间分布特征的方法主要有成因模型法、随机过程的统计模型法和信息集成法三大类.成因模型法主要考虑油气成藏的地质因素而未充分认识到钻探结果对勘探的重要指示作用,适用于勘探初期、缺少探井的地区;随机过程的统计模型法主要以钻探结果为基础、以地质统计方法为手段来预测油气分布而未充分考虑油气的成藏地质条件,适用于钻探程度高、油气地质条件相对简单的地区;信息集成法集与油气空间分布有关的地质、地球物理和勘探工程等信息为一体,能够综合反映油气空间分布的特征,用图件表示油气资源的分布,其预测结果直观、合理,具有明显的优越性,是目前较为先进的研究方法.信息集成法要适应中国东部断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏的勘探,必须结合高分辨率三维地震解释结果,应用层序地层学等先进地质理论方法,准确预测储集砂体的有利发育带,再结合其他成藏地质条件,并根据勘探数据的丰度和精度,选用适当的方法和技术,研究油气空间分布特征.图3参18

Theories and application of hydrocarbon spatial distribution

Approaches of predicting hydrocarbon spatial distribution can be categorized into three general groups: genetic method,stochastic method and information integration method.The genetic method considers the geologic factors of hydrocarbon accumulation,but omits the important instruction of the drilling outcomes.It is fit for the area that is in an earlier exploration stage and scarce of exploration wells.The stochastic method is based on drilling outcomes,and in this method,geologic statistics is applied for predicting hydrocarbon distribution,the method doesn't involve in the hydrocarbon accumulation factors.The information integration method contains all kinds of exploration information,such as geological,geophysical and drilling informations,and can comprehensively reflect the characteristics of hydrocarbon spatial distribution on a map,and its result is straightforward and reasonable,so the method is advanced.The information integration method is derived from the research on hydrocarbon distribution of overseas marine basins;it is difficult for directing the exploration of the non-marine basins in China.If the method is used to explore the subtle reservoirs of rifted basins in East China,it is necessary to combine with it advanced geologic theories and techniques,such as the high resolution 3D seismic data and sequence stratigraphy,and other hydrocarbon accumulation factors and exploration data to predict precisely favorable sandbody zones and study the hydrocarbon spatial distribution.