Spherical carbons: Synthesis,characterization and activation processes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía (PINMATE), Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;4. Cátedra de Farmacotecnia II, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, and Liaoning Key Laboratory Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China;3. Jining Mingsheng New Materials Co., Ltd., Xinglong Industrial Park, Yanzhou District, Jining, Shandong 272101, China;1. Faculty of Engineering, The Energy Technologies Building, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;2. Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China;3. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore;1. Membrane Technology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;2. Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;3. Laboratory for Micro- and Nanostructuring, Karlsruhe Nano- & Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Spherical carbons have been prepared through hydrothermal treatment of three carbohydrates (glucose, saccharose and cellulose). Preparation variables such as treatment time, treatment temperature and concentration of carbohydrate have been analyzed to obtain spherical carbons. These spherical carbons can be prepared with particle sizes larger than 10 μm, especially from saccharose, and have subsequently been activated using different activation processes (H3PO4, NaOH, KOH or physical activation with CO2) to develop their textural properties. All these spherical carbons maintained their spherical morphology after the activation process, except when KOH/carbon ratios higher than 4/1 were used, which caused partial destruction of the spheres. The spherical activated carbons develop interesting textural properties with the four activating agents employed, reaching surface areas up to 3100 m2/g. Comparison of spherical activated carbons obtained with the different activating agents, taking into account the yields obtained after the activation process, shows that phosphoric acid activation produces spherical activated carbons with higher developed surface areas. Also, the spherical activated carbons present different oxygen groups’ content depending on the activating agent employed (higher surface oxygen groups content for chemical activation than for physical activation). |
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