Production of volatile aroma compounds by kefir starter cultures |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Maritza Blvd, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria;2. Higher Institute of Food and Flavour Industries, 26 Maritza Blvd, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria;3. ELBY Center of Research Development and Production, 44-A Lagera Blvd, Sofia 1612, Bulgaria;1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey;2. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy;1. Department of Food Engineering, Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil;2. Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Production of carbonyl compounds by single-strain cultures, kefir starter (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1+Lb. helveticus MP12+Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C15+Streptococcus thermophilus T15+Saccharomyces cerevisiae A13) and kefir grains during fermentation and storage of kefir was studied. The content of carbonyl compounds produced by kefir starter was greater than that produced by kefir grains. The maximum acetaldehyde concentration (18.3 μg g−1) in kefir with starter culture was mainly due to the metabolic activity of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 isolated from kefir grains. The highest diacetyl production activity was recorded in the starter culture (1.87 μg g−1) and the single-strain culture St. thermophilus T15 (1.62 μg g−1), followed by Lb. helveticus MP12 (0.85 μg g−1) and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis C15 (0.42 μg g−1). The lactobacilli Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 and Lb. helveticus MP12 produced acetone, which was not found in the cocci cultures. The presence of 2-butanone was related to the production ability of Lb. helveticus MP12. In comparison, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis C15 synthesized ethyl acetate more actively than the other single-strain cultures included in the starter. S. cerevisiae A13 produced ethanol and CO2 in amounts (3975 μg g−1; 1.80 g L−1) that lent cultured kefir distinctive flavour and aroma characteristic of authentic kefir. |
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