Phase content,tetragonality, and crystallite size of nanoscaled barium titanate synthesized by the catecholate process: effect of calcination temperature |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Department of Mineralogy, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany;1. Program of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, 680 Nittayo Rd., Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand;2. Center of Excellence on Alternative Energy, Research and development institution, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, 680 Nittayo Rd., Mueang District, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand;1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India;2. Vivekanand Arts, Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad 431001, India |
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| Abstract: | A modified catecholate process has been applied to synthesize high purity barium titanate powders in the submicron range. A barium titanium-catechol complex, Ba[Ti(C6H4O2)3] was prepared from TiCl4, C6H4(OH)2 and BaCO3, freeze-dried, and calcined for 3 h at temperatures between 600 and 1300 °C. Phase transformation and crystallite size of the calcined powders were investigated as a function of the calcination temperature by X-ray diffraction methods, and particle morphology and size were studied by scanning electron microscopy. With increasing calcination temperature, BaTiO3 transformed from the (pseudo)cubic to the ferroelectric tetragonal phase. The tetragonality (c/a-1) increases with increasing calcination temperature and increasing crystallite size, respectively. Higher temperatures clearly favoured particle growth and the formation of large and hard agglomerates. The crystallite size of the tetragonal phase increased from <60 nm at 600–800 °C to 1237±344 nm at 1300 °C. |
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