Performance and emission studies on port injection of hydrogen with varied flow rates with Diesel as an ignition source |
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Authors: | N Saravanan G Nagarajan |
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Affiliation: | 1. ERC Engines, Tata Motors, Pimpri, Pune, India;2. Internal Combustion Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India |
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Abstract: | Automobiles are one of the major sources of air pollution in the environment. In addition CO2 emission, a product of complete combustion also has become a serious issue due to global warming effect. Hence the search for cleaner alternative fuels has become mandatory. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future for solving the problems of air pollution and greenhouse gas problems (carbon dioxide), thereby protecting the environment. Hence in the present work, an experimental investigation has been carried out using hydrogen in the dual fuel mode in a Diesel engine system. In the study, a Diesel engine was converted into a dual fuel engine and hydrogen fuel was injected into the intake port while Diesel was injected directly inside the combustion chamber during the compression stroke. Diesel injected inside the combustion chamber will undergo combustion first which in-turn would ignite the hydrogen that will also assist the Diesel combustion. Using electronic control unit (ECU), the injection timings and injection durations were varied for hydrogen injection while for Diesel the injection timing was 23° crank angle (CA) before injection top dead centre (BITDC). Based on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics, the optimized injection timing was found to be 5° CA before gas exchange top dead centre (BGTDC) with injection duration of 30° CA for hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation. The optimum hydrogen flow rate was found to be 7.5 lpm. Results indicate that the brake thermal efficiency in hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation increases by 15% compared to Diesel fuel at 75% load. The NOX emissions were higher by 1–2% in dual fuel operation at full load compared to Diesel. Smoke emissions are lower in the entire load spectra due to the absence of carbon in hydrogen fuel. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were lesser in hydrogen Diesel dual fuel operation compared to Diesel. The use of hydrogen in the dual fuel mode in a Diesel engine improves the performance and reduces the exhaust emissions from the engine except for HC and NOX emissions. |
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Keywords: | HC hydrocarbon CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbondioxide NOX oxides of nitrogen GTDC gas exchange top dead centre SO2 sulphur dioxide kW kilowatt BGTDC before gas exchange top dead centre SEC specific energy consumption AGTDC after gas exchange top dead centre BGTDC before gas exchange top dead centre BITDC before injection top dead centre BP brake power GTDC gas exchange top dead centre LEV low emission vehicle ULEV ultra low emission vehicle ZEV zero emission vehicle TMI timed manifold injection ECU electronic control unit IR infrared R gas constant computed result function DMFC digital mass flow controller CA crank angle BSN bosch smoke number SI spark ignition CI compression ignition lpm liters per minute |
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