中国扎龙湿地水资源监测及评估

水是维系湿地生态系统的基本要素之一.目前,扎龙湿地人工补水、调水缺乏基础资料支撑.扎龙湿地由于其为丹顶鹤和其他鸟类提供繁殖地和迁徙停歇地成为亚洲著名湿地之一.笔者自2005年在扎龙湿地做水资源监测,监测内容主要包括水位和水量的变化以及降水、蒸发等水文气象要素.由于人类活动的长期影响,湿地水资源分流受到严重威胁,如水利工程的建设割裂了区内水资源系统的自流格局与自然分配机制；同时,区域性的干旱,加剧了保护区水资源的短缺矛盾.通过2005-2008年共4 a的水文监测,初步摸清了湿地来水的传播路径,掌握了来水、退水过程和湿地核心区水位变化.

Monitoring and Evaluation for Water Resources in Zhalong Wetland in China

Water is one of the basic elements to maintain the ecosystem of the wetland.Presently,artificial replenishment is carried out in Zhalong Wetland and the basic data are absent to support it.The Zhalong Wetland is well known as a famous wetland in Asia because it provides the place of breeding and migration stopover for the red-crested cranes and other birds.The author began to monitor the water resources of the Zhalong Wetland in 2005,the monitoring contents contained the change of water level and water quantity and the hydrologic meteorology elements including precipitation and evaporation.Impacted by human being’s activities in long term,water resources was diverted severely in the wetland,for example,the construction of hydraulic projects separated the distribution mechanism of self-flowing pattern of water resources and the nature within the wetland.Meanwhile,regional draught aggravated the shortage of water resources in protection zone.Based on the hydrological monitoring of four years from 2005 to 2008,the transport path of inflow in the wetland was found out preliminarily,the process of inflow and regression water and the water level change of core area in the wetland was grasped.