Single-pulse dynamics and flow rates of inertial micropumps

Bubble-driven inertial pumps are a novel method of moving liquids through microchannels. We combine high-speed imaging, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and an effective one-dimensional model to study the fundamentals of inertial pumping. For the first time, single-pulse transient flow through U-shaped microchannels is imaged over the entire pump cycle with 4 \(\upmu\)s temporal resolution. Observations confirm the fundamental N-shaped flow profile predicted earlier by theory and simulations. Experimental flow rates are used to calibrate the CFD and one-dimensional models to extract an effective bubble strength. Then, the frequency dependence of inertial pumping is studied both experimentally and numerically. The pump efficiency is found to gradually decrease once the successive pulses start to overlap in time.