Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for nanoparticles synthesis |
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Authors: | S. C. Tsai Y. L. Song C. S. Tsai C. C. Yang W. Y. Chiu H. M. Lin |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute for Applied Science and Engineering Research, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan;;(2) Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;(3) Department of Material Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | This article presents new findings regarding the effects of precursor drop size and precursor concentration on product particle size and morphology in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Large precursor drops (diameter > 30 m) generated by ultrasonic atomization at 120 kHz yielded particles with holes due to high solvent evaporation rate, as predicted by the conventional one particle per drop mechanism. Precursor drops 6–9 m in diameter, generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer at 1.65 MHz and 23.5 W electric drive power, yielded uniform spherical particles 90 nm in diameter with proper control of precursor concentration and residence time. Moreover, air-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at 120 kHz and 2.3 W yielded spherical particles about 70% of which were smaller than those produced by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of the 6–9 m precursor drops, despite much larger precursor drop size (28 m peak diameter versus 7 m mean diameter). These particles are much smaller than predicted by the conventional one particle per drop mechanism, suggesting that a gas-to-particle conversion mechanism may also be involved in spray pyrolysis. |
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