阴离子交换膜燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展

阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AEMFC)可使用非贵金属催化剂,且电极反应速率快。阳极催化剂的选择和制备对提高燃料氧化速率和燃料电池的电流密度及降低成本等有很大影响。本文从阴离子交换膜阳极催化剂的种类、制备方法,催化剂的载体等角度对阳极催化剂的研究现状进行分析。分析表明,在阳极催化剂中掺杂金属、金属氧化物或非金属氧化物,能充分发挥各元素的协同作用,从而提高催化剂的电催化性能；改进制备方法可以提高催化剂的比表面积,改变元素的分布。对催化剂载体进行改性以改善载体自身的孔径分布,提高比表面积和稳定性,或寻求导电性好、比表面积大、耐腐蚀的新载体材料(如SiC、Ti等),均可以提高催化剂的载量和催化剂在载体上的分散度等,从而提高阴离子交换膜燃料电池的性能。

Research Progress of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Anode Catalyst

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have no limits of catalyst choice (not only precious metals) and have high electrode reaction rates.The selection and preparation of the anode catalyst has a great influence on increasing the fuel oxidation rate, the current density and reducing the cost of anion exchange membrane fuel cells.In this paper, the research status of anode catalysts that have been explored from the aspects of catalyst type, carrier and preparation methods.It has been found that the anode catalyst is doped with different metals,such as,metal,metal oxide or non-metal oxide,can fully utilize the synergistic work of various elements to effectively improve the electrocatalytic activity. The modification of catalyst preparation method can improve the electrochemical surface area of the catalysts and change the distribution of elements.Modifying the catalyst carrier to improve the pore size distribution of the carrier itself, increasing the specific surface area and stability, or seeking new carrier materials (such as SiC, Ti, etc.) with better conductivity, larger specific surface area and corrosion resistance,all can increase the loading and dispersion of the catalysts, thereby improving the performance of the anion exchange membrane fuel cell.