资源整合背景下煤炭产业四维全要素生产率测算与分析

为提升产业效率与可持续发展水平,中国煤炭产业不断推进资源整合与去产能。为验证其效果,在构建运营效率M指数、安全效率M指数、环境效率M指数与可持续发展效率M指数的基础上,基于上市煤炭企业2008年至2016年的相关数据,对全要素生产率进行测算,发现中国煤炭产业安全效率、环境效率与可持续发展效率的M指数、规模效率指数、纯技术效率指数总体呈提高趋势,反应资源整合确实提升了煤炭产业的整体效率及规模效率,且煤炭企业管理与组织水平不断提升。但运营效率M指数有所下降,主要原因是技术进步指数的降低。为进一步提升资源整合质量与煤炭产业效率,必须发挥政府与市场的双重作用,继续强化安全与环境规制的实施,加大去产能与资源整合的制度创新力度,鼓励企业在兼并收购中探索新的市场模式；不能仅依赖规模优势提升效率,必须推动大型煤炭企业通过制度创新、管理创新与技术创新实现效率提升的内涵式发展。

Calculation and Analysis of 4D Total Factor Productivity of Coal Industry in the Background of Resource Integration

In order to improve the efficiency and sustainability of coal industry, China has made great effort in production reduction and resources consolidation. To verify the results, this article constructs four indicators, namely operational efficiency, safety efficiency, environmental efficiency, and sustainability efficiency, to reflect the total factor productivity of coal industry. Using data from 2008 to 2016 of listed coal enterprises,4D total factor productivity is calculated and the results show that the consolidation reform has significantly improved the safety, environmental and sustainability performance of the coal industry. But operational efficiency has declined, mainly due to the decline in the technological progress index. In order to further enhance the quality of resource integration and the efficiency of coal industry, both the government and the market should play important roles in the process. Institutional Innovation is important and the implementation of safety and environmental regulation should be strengthen, and enterprises should be encouraged to explore new market model in mergers and acquisitions; We should not rely solely on the scale advantage ,but on the institutional innovation, management innovation and technological innovation in large coal enterprises.