Removal of As(V) species from extremely contaminated mining water

The effective removal of arsenic compounds from strongly contaminated mining water with a high content of As (about 50 mg/l) and other metals, especially iron (about 5000 mg/l) has been studied. The process ran in two steps. At first, the raw acid mining water containing predominantly Fe²⁺ ions was partially precipitated with a small amount of an alkaline agent. On a small portion of the precipitated iron (about 30–40%), more then 90% of the arsenic was adsorbed forming a toxic precipitate, which was then stirred under an inert agent (Ar) and further in air for 1 h. Secondly, the precipitation of the first step liquid residue (using the same or a different alkaline agent) enabled the final treatment of the mining water at pH 8.5. While arsenic was substantially removed by the first precipitation, the other components including residual iron, manganese, zinc and sulfates were precipitated quantitatively during the second step. The mass of the second precipitate depended strongly on the alkaline agent used in the second step.The mechanism and kinetics of arsenic sorption onto iron species, and phase changes of the sorbent during the sorption process were investigated. The composition of the precipitates was verified by XRD and XRF analyses, as well as by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The precipitation of a raw mining water resulted in formation of a complex inorganic system where amorphous phases dominated. Various crystalline phases, predominantly concerning Fe(II)–Fe(III), As, Zn and sulfates also appeared, depending on the actual oxidizing state of the whole system and on redistribution of its components.The two-step precipitation of arsenic contaminated mining water results in a significant ecological and economical improvement due to the decrease in the amount of waste toxic mass.