Secretions of Stingless Bees: The Dufour Gland of Nannotrigona testaceicornis |
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| Authors: | Leopoldo Cruz-López Eda Flavia L R A Patricio E David Morgan |
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| Affiliation: | (1) El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, CP, 30700, AP 36;(2) Laboratório de Abelhas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo SP, Brasil;(3) Chemical Ecology Group, Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, England |
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| Abstract: | The Dufour gland of Nannotrigona testaceicornis is a large, wide, pear-shaped sac. The gland secretion consists chiefly of the diterpene ester all-trans-geranylgeranyl acetate (64% of the total), together with a complex mixture of small amounts of cyclic ketals; mono-, sesqui-, and diterpene compounds; acetates; and other oxygenated compounds. Samples of N. testaceicornis collected at two sites in Brazil and one in México shared the same composition of their glands, suggesting that the species is uniform over this wide geographical area. |
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| Keywords: | Hymenoptera Apidae Meliponinae exocrine secretion geranylgeranyl acetate terpene oxidation products |
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