Active cellular preform derived from stems of jute and sticks of cane and their suitability for bulk porous Si/SiC ceramics |
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Authors: | Pijush Kanti Mandal Rabindranath Majumdar Kalyan Kumar Mukherjee Omprakash Chakrabarti Himadri Sekhar Maiti |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Rd., Kolkata, 700009, India;(2) Department of Botany, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Rd., Kolkata, 700009, India;(3) Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India |
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Abstract: | Stems of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) and sticks of Cane (Calamus rotang L.), plants of immense economic importance in the Indian subcontinent, were converted into carbonaceous perform (C-preform)
maintaining the circular cylindrical shapes in lengths of 0.02–0.05 m by controlled thermal processing. Plant material precursors
were characterized by analysis of elemental (C, H, N) and molecular (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) compositions, by determination
of Bulk Density (BD) and ash content and by optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). C-preforms were also characterized
by measurement of BD and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and XRD. The C-preforms were further subjected to infiltration
with Si-melt (1823–1923 K) under vacuum. Spontaneous infiltration and reaction yielded composite ceramics preserving the morphology
of native Jute Stem (JS) and Cane Stick (CS) precursors on macro and micro scale. The materials were found to be duplex composites
with Si and β-SiC as crystalline phases. The end ceramics were characterized by measurement of BD, and also by SEM and by
XRD. Measured mean BD of the Si/SiC composites derived from JS and CS were 2190 Kg m−3 and 2250 Kg m−3. The respective volume fractions of large diameter (>100 μm) bulk pores were 0.134 and 0.204, in the composites derived from
JS and CS. Taking into account the measured volume fraction internal pores of 0.11 and 0.149, the volume fractions of SiC
were calculated to be 0.136 and 0.307 in the composites derived from JS and CS respectively, closely tallying with those calculated
from the C-preform bulk densities. The cellular Si/SiC ceramics derived from JS and CS having special morphologies with long
and large porous channels and oriented growth of constituent phases are likely to be suitable for devices such as high temperature
insulators, catalyst support structures for gas phase reactions at elevated temperatures, molten metal filters and others. |
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Keywords: | Jute stem Cane stick Cellular carbonaceous preform Composite Si/SiC ceramics Porous cellular ceramics |
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