Combustion of carbon in the firing of ceramic heat insulation based on fuel-shale wastes

The firing of ceramic heat insulation based on fuel-shale wastes without traditional materials is investigated. On heating insulation in the range 400–600°C, most of the volatiles are removed. Above 800°C, pyrolytic forms of carbon (coke and semicoke) are produced. In the range 1050–1100°C, the reduction of iron is markedly accelerated. At 1100°C, there are practically no organic compounds in the fired ceramic.