中国紫苏属植物种子含油量及其脂肪酸组成研究

采用化学法萃取和GC-MS 法，对从国内5 个省、市、自治区收集的紫苏属植物5 个变种的10 份试材种子的含油率及其脂肪酸组分进行研究。结果表明，紫苏属植物10 份试材间种子的含油率介于33.49%～42.58% 之间；应用SPSS 11.0 软件对其种子含油率进行单因素方差分析，表明紫苏属植物5 个变种10 份试材间种子含油率存在极显著性差异。GC-MS 分析结果表明，紫苏属植物种子油中脂肪酸的组成简单，10 份试材种子油中共检测出6 种脂肪酸组分--棕榈酸、亚油酸、α- 亚麻酸、硬脂酸、10- 十八碳烯酸和油酸，其中前4 种为10 种试材的共有成分，1、2、3、5 号试材含油酸，但不含10- 十八碳烯酸，4、6～10 号试材含有10- 十八碳烯酸，但不含油酸。10 份试材种子油中α- 亚麻酸含量介于71.75%～80.06% 之间，不饱和脂肪酸的含量介于88.80%～92.82% 之间。

Oil Contents and Fatty Acid Composition of the Seeds of the Genus Perilla from Different Geographical Origins

Soxhlet extraction was used to extract seed oils from 10 plant samples (from different areas of China) belonging to 5 varieties of the genus Perilla, followed by the fatty acid composition analysis using GC-MS. The oil contents of these 10 Perilla seed samples ranged from 33.49% to 42.58%. The one-way analysis of variance achieved using software package SPSS 11.0 showed that there was a significant difference in oil content among these 10 Perilla seed samples. The GC-MS analysis indicated that these 10 Perilla seed samples exhibited simple fatty acid composition. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and stearic acid were found in all of these 10 Perilla seed samples. Oleic acid was found only in Perilla seed samples No. 1, 2, 3 and 5 and 10-octadecenoic acid only in Perilla seed samples No.4 and 6－10. The relative contents of α-linotenic acid of these 10 Perilla seed samples ranged from 71.75% to 80.06% and the content of unsaturated fatty acids from 88.80% to 92.82%.