近20年黄河流域陆表水域面积时空变化特征研究

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是国家重大战略之一。开展陆表水域的动态变化监测,有助于掌握黄河流域水资源分布与变化状况,对于了解人类活动对水资源的影响,保障流域生态安全具有重要意义。本文基于Landsat数据提取2000—2019年黄河流域陆表水域分布,分析了黄河流域陆表水域面积的动态变化状况,结果表明:(1)流域陆表水域空间分布不均衡,上游陆表水域面积占流域陆表水域总面积的60.3%、中下游占39.7%,其中青海省和内蒙古自治区的陆表水域面积占比最高,分别占40.3%和17.0%;(2)近20年间,流域陆表水域面积总体呈增加趋势,增幅约为49.0%,其中上游地区对流域陆表水域总面积增加的贡献度最大,达到47.7%,中游地区贡献度次之,为42.7%,下游地区贡献度较小,只有9.6%;(3)从流域来看,渭河和汾河流域的陆表水域面积增加较为明显,2000—2019年期间,分别扩大了113.17 km²和55.75 km²,增幅约为139.9%和152.4%。

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of land surface water area in the Yellow River basin in recent 20 years

Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin is one of the major national strategies in China. Monitoring the dynamic change of land surface water is helpful to understand the distribution and change of water resources in the Yellow River basin, and it is of great significance to understand the impact of global change and human activities on water resources. Based on Landsat remote sensing data,this paper extracts the land surface water area distribution of the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2019, and analyzes the changes of the land surface water area in the Yellow River basin. The results show that:(1) the spatial distribution of the land surface water area in the Yellow River basin is not balanced, and land surface water area in the upper reaches accounts for 60.3% of the total land surface water area in the Yellow River basin,and the middle and lower reaches accounted for 39.7%. The land surface water area of Qinghai and Inner Mongolia accounted for 40.3% and 17.0% of the total land surface water area,respectively. (2) In recent 20 years,land surface water area of the basin showed an increasing trend, with an increase rate of 49.0%. The contribution of the upstream area to the total land surface water area is about 47.7%,42.7% in the middle reaches and 9.6% in the lower reaches,respectively. About the province,the largest contribution of increase of land surface water area was found in Qinghai,accounting for 25.7% of the total land surface water area. (3) From 2000 to 2019,the land surface water area of Weihe River basin and Fenhe River basin expanded by 113.17 square kilometers and 55.75 square kilometers respectively,with an increase of 139.9% and 152.4%.