基于黄河鲤栖息地水文-生态响应关系的黄河下游生态流量研究

本研究采用野外生物监测、栖息地同步观测和实验室控制实验等技术手段,应用生物学、鱼类生态学、生态水力学、水文学等多学科理论,基于河流栖息地模拟法,研究了黄河下游指示物种黄河鲤生态学特性及其栖息生境与流速、水深、水温等水文水环境因子之间的关系,将径流条件与目标物种不同生长阶段生物学信息相结合,建立了代表物种繁殖期、越冬期栖息地适宜度指数,构建了黄河下游重点河段河流栖息地模型,建立了指示物种栖息地状况与河川径流条件定量响应关系,提出黄河下游花园口和利津断面繁殖期最小生态流量为300 m³/s和100 m³/s、适宜生态流量为600～700 m³/s和190～250 m³/s。该研究在水生生物习性及其与河川径流响应关系方面实现突破,解决了黄河生态需水研究中关键技术问题。

Study of ecological flow based on the relationship between cyprinusy carpio habitat hydrological and ecological response in the lower Yellow River

Based on interdisciplinary theories of biology,fish ecology,ecohydraulics and hydrology,relationships between biological characteristics of Cyprinusy carpio, the protected species in the lower Yellow River, and hydrologic environmental factors including flow velocity, water depth, and the water temperature were illuminated, using the results from field biological monitoring, simultaneous habitat observation and controlled laboratory experiments. Combining the runoff condition and biology information from different growth phase of Cyprinusy carpio, the habitat suitability indexes were established from the breeding and wintering periods, respectively. Moreover, habitat simulation model for the key reach of the lower Yellow River was built to quantify the relationship between the habitat status and runoff condition. Finally,ecological flow in the breeding period of Huayuankou and Lijin sections of the lower Yellow River were proposed with minimum ecological flow of 300 and 100m³/s respectively and the appropriate ecological flow ranging from 600-700 m³/s and 190-250 m³/s respectively. This study has made a breakthrough in the relationship between the habits of aquatic biological and the river runoff response, and solved the key technical problems in the study of river ecological water demand in the Yellow River Basin.