爆炸焊接制备大厚度Cu-Fe-Cu复合板

铜-铁复合板既有良好的延展性、导电和导热性,又有铁的铁磁性和铜的抗磁性,因此可广泛应用于电力、电子等行业。但铜和铁较差的相容性又使得两种金属难以用常规方法进行焊接。本文采用爆炸焊接方法进行了大厚度Cu-Fe-Cu复合板的制备。首先,采用爆炸焊接理论获得了可焊性窗口,确定了炸药爆速、装药厚度和间隙高度；随后,在数值模拟中同时使用SPH、Lagrange和Euler方法完整模拟了整个爆炸焊接过程,获得了复板的碰撞速度、结合界面温度和压力,验证了理论设计参数的有效性；最后,开展了爆炸焊接试验,成功制备了大厚度Cu-Fe-Cu复合板,分析了结合界面近区的硬度分布和界面结合强度,借助于试验和数值模拟结果讨论了界面波的形成过程。结果表明：数值模拟和试验得到的Fe-Cu结合界面的波形参数基本一致；铁和铜在结合面附近的硬度较母材分别增加了约34.2%和49.8%；第一和第二结合界面的剪切强度分别为212.7 MPa和225.3 MPa。

Preparation of Thick Cu-Fe-Cu Composite Plate by Explosive Welding

Fe-Cu composite plate has good ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity, the ferromagnetism of Fe, and the diamagnetism of Cu, so it can be widely used in power, electronics and other industries. However, it is hard to weld Fe and Cu using conventional methods due to their low mutual miscibility. The explosive welding method was adopted to prepare the Cu-Fe-Cu (with the thickness 17, 5, 17mm respectively) composite plate in this study. Firstly, the theoretical model was adopted to design explosive welding parameters. The weldability window, the detonation velocity and thickness of the charge, and the gap size were obtained. Then, a new numerical simulation method, in which the SPH, Lagrange and Euler methods are used and no equivalent treatment of the explosive welding components is taken, was used to analyze the explosive welding process. The collision velocity of the flyer plate, temperature and pressure distribution near the bonding interface as well as wavy interface are obtained, and it proved the validity of the theoretical design parameters. Finally, the Cu-Fe-Cu composite plate is successfully prepared by explosive welding method. The hardness distribution and the shear strength of the bonding interfaces are tested. The results show that parameters of the interface wave obtained experimentally and numerically are basically the same; compared with that of the original ones, the hardness of Fe and Cu near the bonding interface increased about 34.2% and 49.8% respectively; the average shear strength of the first and the second interface is 212.7 MPa and 225.3 MPa respectively.