水酶法提取斑点叉尾鮰内脏油的工艺研究

为提高鱼类加工废弃物的综合利用率，以斑点叉尾鮰内脏为原料，采用水酶法制备鱼油。结果表明：水酶法提取鱼油的最佳工艺条件为初始pH7.5、料液比1:1、加酶量3500U/g、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间0.5h，该条件下鱼油的提取率达到80.94%；提取到的鱼油(即粗鱼油)外观呈黄褐色，具有鱼腥味和轻微的酸败味，其过氧化值较低，而酸值相对较高；粗鱼油中的饱和脂肪酸相对含量为19.42%，单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸分别为61.76% 和16.83%，Σn-3/Σn-6 的脂肪酸比值达到3.63。表明斑点叉尾鮰内脏是生产鱼油的良好来源。

Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Fish Oil from Viscera of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Fish oil was extracted from the viscera of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by aqueous enzymatic extraction method. The optimum extraction parameters were as follows: initial hydrolysis pH 7.5, ratio of viscera to water 1:1, amount of papain 3500 U/g, hydrolysis temperature 55 ℃, hydrolysis time 0.5 h. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio of fish oil was up to 80.94%. The extracted fish oil (namely crude fish oil) was yellow-brown in appearance with fishy smell and light rancidity odor, and it had a lower peroxide value and high acid value. The relative content of the saturated fatty acids accounted for 19.42% of the total fatty acids. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 61.76% and 16.83%, respectively. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is 3.63. The above results show that the viscera of channel catfish are a good resource for fish oil production.