A probabilistic‐based approach for direction‐of‐arrival estimation and localization of multiple sources

This article contributes to science at two points. The first contribution is at a point of introducing a novel direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method which based on subspaces methods called Probabilistic Estimation of Several Signals (PRESS). The PRESS method provides higher resolution and DOA accuracy than current models. Second contribution of the article is at a point of localizing the unknown signal source. The process of localization achieved by using DOA information for the first time. The importance of localization exists in a large area of engineering applications. The aim is to determine the location of multiple sources by using PRESS with minimum effort of computation. We used the maximum probabilistic process in this study. Initially, all the signals are collected by the array of sensors and accurately identified using the proposed algorithm. The receiver at the best in test estimates the source location using only the knowledge of the geographical latitude and longitude values of the array of sensors. Several test points with an accurately calculated angle of arrival enable us to draw linear lines towards the transmitter. The transmitter location can be accurately identified with the line of interceptions. Simulation and numerical results show the outstanding performance of both the DOA estimation method and transmitter localization approach compared with many classical and new DOA estimation methods. The PRESS localization method first tested at 19°, 26°, and 35° with an signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) value of ‐5 dB. The PRESS method produced results with an extremely low bias of 0 and 0.00080°. The simulation tests are repeated and produced results with zero bias, which give the exact location of the unknown source.