槟榔干果贮藏中优势腐败霉菌的分离及鉴定

槟榔干果贮藏中霉菌污染直接影响干果的贮藏品质。为明确槟榔干果贮藏中优势腐败霉菌的种类，本实验对海南万宁产5个批次的槟榔干果在高温高湿贮藏环境下贮存3个月后的腐败霉菌进行分离纯化，得到11株腐败霉菌；将纯化后的11株腐败霉菌的孢子悬液分别喷洒至新鲜制备已灭菌的槟榔干果上进行回接侵染验证实验，得到2株优势腐败霉菌S1023和W3。通过传统的菌落形态特征和菌丝、孢子显微结构观察；结合PCR扩增，得到序列长度分别为529 bp和571 bp的ITS序列，经rDNA-ITS序列分析，并构建系统发育树，最终将2株优势霉菌分别鉴定为灰绿曲霉（Aspergillus glaucus）和泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）。本研究结果可为槟榔干果中腐败霉菌的分离鉴定提供可靠的方法，也可为后续槟榔干果杀菌方法的选择，贮藏条件的优化提供依据。

Isolation and Identification of Predominant Decaying Molds from Dried Betelnut during Storage

The quality of dried betelnut during the storage was directly affected by microbial contamination. The separation and identification of predominant decaying molds were key steps in the safe storage of dried betelnut. In order to determine the species of dominant decaying molds in the storage of betelnut, 11 molds were isolated and purified from 5 batches of betelnut produced in Wanning, Hainan after 3 months of storage under high temperature and high humidity. Two mold strains were verified as preponderant decaying molds through the return infection experiments. By traditional morphological characteristics and microscopic structure observation, a preliminary identification was obtained. The ITS regions of the strains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ITS gene sequences of 529 bp and 571 bp in length were obtained. Through comparison and analysis of those sequences, the phylogenetic trees were constructed. The strains were identified as Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus awamori, respectively. It provided a simple and reliable method for quick identification of spoilage mold in areca nut, and laid a good foundation for the optimization of storage conditions and the choice of the method for dried betelnut sterilization.