定性风险-受益评估方法在蔬菜及蔬菜中硝酸盐摄入评估中的应用性研究

目的通过评估蔬菜及蔬菜中硝酸盐摄入的风险与受益,为我国食物或食物成分的风险-受益评估研究提供参考依据。方法以欧盟构建的BRAFO(benefit risk analysis for food)模型为基础,对蔬菜及蔬菜中硝酸盐摄入的风险与受益开展一级和二级分级评估,同时与摄入量评估相结合,定性比较蔬菜及蔬菜中硝酸盐摄入的风险与受益。结果蔬菜作为食物提供人类多种营养素,摄入蔬菜能够降低结肠癌、超重和肥胖、心血管疾病、Ⅱ型糖尿病等疾病的发生风险,蔬菜中硝酸盐可引起高铁血红蛋白血症的发生。由参考情景转为假设情景时消费者获得的受益大于风险,假设情景要优于参考情景(300 g/d),即推荐居民消费蔬菜300~500 g/d。结论分级评估的方式对食物开展风险-受益研究具有科学性和合理性,需要进一步加强人群流行病学、毒理学等方面的研究,优化模型参数,将概率评估与风险-受益评估研究相结合以减少风险-受益评估研究中的不确定性。

Applied research of qualitative risk-benefit assessment for nitrate in vegetables

Objective Assessing the risk-benefit of nitrate in vegetables, and to provide the guidance for risk-benefit assessment in food or nutrient. Methods Primary and secondary risk-benefit assessment for nitrate in vegetables was performed on the basis of BRAFO (benefit risk analysis for food) model, combined with intake assessment of nitrate and qualitative comparison of nitrate in vegetables. Results The average vegetable consumption of Chinese resident changed from less than 300 to 300-500 g/d, the benefits were larger than risk, alternative scenario was superior to reference scenario which was recommended. Conclusion The method of grading assessment of risks and benefits of food is scientific and reasonable, which need to further strengthen the research of epidemiology and toxicology, to optimize the model parameters. Combining probabilistic assessment with the risk-benefit assessment studies could reduce the uncertainty.