Development of a stable high-aluminum austenitic stainless steel for hydrogen applications |
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Authors: | M Martin S Weber W Theisen T Michler J Naumann |
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Affiliation: | 1. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Werkstoffe, Lehrstuhl Werkstofftechnik, D-44780 Bochum, Germany;2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany;3. Adam Opel AG, Ruesselsheim, Germany;4. BMW AG, Munich, Germany |
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Abstract: | A novel high-aluminum austenitic stainless steel has been produced in the laboratory with the aim of developing a lean-alloyed material with a high resistance to hydrogen environment embrittlement. The susceptibility to hydrogen environment embrittlement was evaluated by means of tensile tests at a slow strain rate in pure hydrogen gas at a pressure of 40 MPa and a temperature of −50 °C. Under these conditions, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation to rupture are not affected by hydrogen in comparison to companion tests carried out in air. Moreover, a very high ductility in hydrogen is evidenced by a reduction of area of 70% in the high-pressure and low-temperature hydrogen environment. The lean degree of alloying is reflected in the molybdenum-free character of the material and a nickel content of 8.0 wt.%. With regard to the alloy concept, a combination of high-carbon, high-manganese, and high-aluminum contents confer an extremely high stability against the formation of strain-induced martensite. This aspect was investigated by means of in-situ magnetic measurements and ex-situ X-ray diffraction. The overall performance of the novel alloy was compared with two reference materials, 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steels, both industrially produced. Its capability of maintaining a fully austenitic structure during tensile testing has been identified as a key aspect to avoid hydrogen environment embrittlement. |
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Keywords: | High-aluminum austenitic stainless steel Hydrogen environment embrittlement Austenite stability Strain-induced martensite Alloy development |
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