Surface and bulk properties of ancient Egyptian mortars. Part I: X-ray diffraction studies |
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Authors: | Hanaa Y. Ghorab Jehane Ragai Adel Antar |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of General Intensive Care, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, 49100, Israel;2. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Ethics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;4. Israel Transplant Center, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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Abstract: | A series of Ancient Egyptian Mortars were extracted from the great Giza Pyramid, the second Giza Pyramid and the Sphinx and its adjoining temple. X-Ray Diffraction studies revealed the presence of gypsum, calcite and silica in most of the samples with a clearcut predominance of gypsum in the samples extracted from the Sphinx. Calcium silicates of different crystallographic modifications seem to be present in a large proportion of the samples. X-Ray studies carried out on heat-treated samples indicated the prevalence of the hemihydrate or γ-CaSO4 modification until a temperature as high as 400°C. |
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