A new formulation for three-dimensional extrusion and its application to extrusion of clover sections |
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| Authors: | CH Han DY Yang M Kiuchi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8560, Japan;3. Energy Conversion Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, 2-1-3 Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan;1. UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;2. Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;3. Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 W. Division, River Forest, IL 60305, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;2. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 104 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;1. Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit (IMI), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL/IECSCYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;2. Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;3. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;4. Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;5. Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;6. Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita'' degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università, 21, 07100 Sassari SS, Italy;7. International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong Province, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The metal flow in the extrusion process is an important factor in controlling the mechanical property of the extruded products. It is, however, difficult to predict the metal flow in three-dimensional extrusion of complicated sections due to the difficulty in representing the geometry of the die surface and in expressing the corresponding velocity field. In this study a new kinematically admissible velocity field for a generalized three-dimensional flow is derived, in which the flow is bounded by the die surface expressed by an analytic function. Then, by applying the upper-bound method to the derived velocity field, the flow pattern as well as the upper-bound extrusion pressure are obtained. As a computational example, extrusion of clover sections from round billets is chosen. A new method of die surface representation is proposed by which there is a smooth transition of die contour from the die entrance to the die exit. Computation is carried out for work-hardening materials such as aluminium and steel. The analysis takes into account the effect of product shape complexity, lubrication condition and reduction of area on extrusion pressure, average effective strain and distribution of effective strains on the cross-section of the extruded product. |
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