Rheology and properties of melt-processed poly(ether ether ketone)/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites |
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Authors: | DS Bangarusampath Holger Ruckdäschel Jan KW Sandler Milo SP Shaffer |
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Affiliation: | a Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany b BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany c SIRRIS, Liege Science Park, 4102 Seraing, Belgium d Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, SW7 2Az, UK |
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Abstract: | Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites containing up to 17 wt% filler were prepared using a twin screw extruder. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that the MWNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the PEEK matrix. Linear viscoelastic measurements show that both complex viscosity and moduli increase with increasing MWNT concentration. The storage modulus, G′ exhibits a dramatic seven order increase in magnitude around 1 wt%, leading to a solid-like low-frequency behaviour at higher loadings; the effect can be attributed to network formation at a rheological percolation threshold. Rheotens measurements show that the melt strength also increases significantly on addition of nanotubes, however, the drawability decreases. An analytical Wagner model was used to calculate the apparent elongational viscosity over a wide range of elongational rates, and to reveal significant increases on addition of MWNTs, with a similar threshold behaviour. The electrical response is also dominated by percolation effects, increasing by nearly 10 orders of magnitude from 10−11 to 10−1 S/cm, on the addition of only 2 wt% MWNTs. In contrast, the thermal conductivity and tensile elastic modulus of the composites increased linearly with nanotube content, rising by 130% and 50%, at 17 wt% MWNTs, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Carbon nanotubes Poly(ether ether ketone) Rheology |
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