电致变色材料功能化设计及应用研究进展

电致变色材料能够在外加电场作用下稳定可逆地改变其光学性质，在节能窗、智能显示和军事伪装防护等领域具有重要的应用前景。通过多组分协同的方法，能够将更多功能或新特征集成到电致变色器件中，使其朝着多功能一体化方向发展，从而进一步拓宽其应用领域。本文详细梳理了近十年来电致变色器件功能化设计的最新研究成果，探讨了功能化器件的集成模式、工作机理和设计策略，阐述了其在智能窗、储能器、传感器和军事伪装方面的应用前景，详细分析了功能化电致变色器件目前存在的关键问题和面临的重大挑战，并提出了新的解决思路和发展方向，对指导电致变色器件功能化的研究具有重要意义。

Research progress on functional design and application of electrochromic materials

Electrochromic materials have important application prospects in energy-saving windows, smart displays, and military camouflage protection, as they can stably and reversibly change their optical properties under an external electric field. By using multi-component synergistic methods, electrochromic devices can integrate more functions or new features, making them develop towards the direction of multifunctional integration and further expanding their application fields. In this article, we comprehensively review the latest research results on the functional design of electrochromic devices in the past decade, discussing their integration mode, working mechanism, and design strategies. We elucidate their application prospects in smart windows, energy storage devices, sensors, and military camouflage, and analyze in detail the key problems and major challenges that functional electrochromic devices face. We also propose new solutions and development directions, which are of great significance for guiding the research on the functionalization of electrochromic devices.