2016~2018年甘肃省市售蔬菜中铅汞污染状况及人体健康风险分析

目的 对甘肃省14个市州蔬菜中铅汞进行三年的采样监测,掌握铅汞重金属污染的基本情况并对人体健康风险进行了分析。方法 在全省14个市州共采集样品1213份,依据国标方法进行铅汞含量的测定,采用尼梅罗综合污染指数法对蔬菜中铅和汞污染程度进行评价,用目标危害指数法(THQ)和危害指数(HI)评价蔬菜中铅汞对成人和儿童的健康风险。结果 各类蔬菜中均检出了铅和汞,其中鳞茎类中的铅和茎类蔬菜中的汞检出率均达到了100%；块根和块茎类蔬菜铅的超标率为3.76%；汞含量除在茎类蔬菜中超标率为1.34%外,在其余种类中均未有超标。从铅汞的综合污染指数来看,除茎类蔬菜以外,其他都表现为Pb＞Hg,铅对蔬菜重金属污染贡献较大,其中瓜菜类和鳞茎类的铅含量综合污染指数分别为0.61和0.52,属于轻度污染；茄果类和块根块茎类蔬菜的铅含量综合污染指数分别达到了4.68和4.40,污染较严重。居民通过蔬菜摄入的铅汞的暴露风险儿童高于成人,但THQ和HI均小于1,对人体健康造成的影响不明显。结论 本次研究中甘肃省市售蔬菜中少数受到重金属铅的污染,其余蔬菜中铅汞含量对健康影响均在安全范围内。

Analysis of lead and mercury pollution status and human health risks of vegetables sold in Gansu province from 2016 to 2018

Objective To grasp the basic situation of heavy metal lead and mercury pollution in Gansu province from 2016 to 2018 and analyze its health risks to human body. Methods A total of 1213 samples were collected from 14 cities and prefectures in Gansu province, and the lead content was determined according to the national standard method and the mercury content was determined by the automatic mercury meter method. The pollution degree of lead and mercury in vegetables was evaluated by the Nimelo comprehensive pollution index method, the health risks of lead and mercury in vegetables to adults and children were assessed by target hazard index method (THQ) and hazard Index (HI). Results Lead and mercury were detected in all kinds of vegetables, and the detection rate of lead in bulbs and mercury in stem vegetables reached 100%. The over standard rate of lead in tuber and root vegetables was 3.76%. The rate of excessive mercury content in stem vegetables was 1.34%, and none of the other types exceeded the standard. According to the comprehensive pollution index of lead and mercury, except for the stem vegetables, the other pollution indexes were Pb > Hg, and lead contributed a lot to heavy metal pollution of vegetables. The comprehensive pollution index of lead content in tuber and tuber vegetables was 2.21, which belonged to moderate pollution. The comprehensive pollution index of lead content in bulbs was 1.19, which was slightly polluted. Children had a higher risk of exposure to lead and mercury from vegetables than adults, but THQ and HI were both less than 1, with no significant impact on human health. Conclusion In this study, a small number of vegetables sold in Gansu province are contaminated by heavy metal lead, while the health effects of lead mercury content in other vegetables are all within the safe range.