基于矿质元素的古树普洱茶原料特征研究

目的基于矿质元素鉴别古树普洱茶原料的产地。方法测定不同产地不同季节古树普洱茶原料中矿质元素,并对数据进行了单因素分析、主成分分析、系统聚类分析、Fisher判别分析。结果不同产区的古树普洱茶原料矿质元素:普洱茶区锌、钠、钙、铬含量较高,版纳茶区的锰、铜、钾含量较高,临沧茶区的铁、氟、稀土总量较高;不同产地古树普洱茶原料铁、钙存在极显著差异。春季古树普洱茶原料的铁、锰、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、稀土总量较高,秋季古树普洱茶原料的铜、铬、氟含量较高,不同季节古树普洱茶原料铁、铜、钾、钠、钙、铬含量存在极显著差异。运用主成分分析可以很好地区分不同季节的古树普洱茶原料,但是不能很好区分不同产地的古树普洱茶原料;采用系统聚类分析方法不能区分不同产地古树普洱茶原料;采用Fisher判别分析方法可以较好地区分不同产地的普洱茶原料,总判别正确率为86.7%。结论茶叶中的矿质元素可以用于区分不同季节不同产地的古树普洱茶原料。

Study on the characteristic of ancient Pu'er tea raw materials based on mineral elements

Objective To identify the origin of ancient Pu''er tea raw materials based on mineral elements. Methods The mineral elements in ancient Pu''er tea raw materials from different habitats and different seasons were determined, and the data were analyzed by single factor analysis, principal component analysis, systematic cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis. Results Mineral elements of ancient tree Pu''er tea raw materials in different production areas were as follow: the content of zinc, sodium, calcium and chromium in Pu''er tea area was relatively high, the content of manganese, copper and potassium in Banna tea area was relatively high, and the total amount of iron, fluorine and rare earth in Lincang tea area was relatively high. There were significant differences in iron and calcium in the raw materials of ancient Pu''er tea from different producing areas. The total content of iron, manganese, zinc, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and rare earth in the raw materials of ancient tree Pu''er tea was relatively high in spring, while the content of copper, chromium and fluorine in the raw materials of ancient tree Pu''er tea was relatively high in autumn. The content of iron, copper, potassium, sodium, calcium and chromium in the raw materials of ancient tree Pu''er tea was significantly different in different seasons. Principal component analysis could be used to distinguish the raw materials of ancient tree Pu''er tea in different seasons, but it cannot distinguish the raw materials of ancient tree Pu''er tea in different producing areas. The system cluster analysis method couldn''t distinguish the raw materials of ancient Pu''er tea from different producing areas. Fisher discriminant analysis method could be used to distinguish Pu''er tea raw materials from different producing areas, and the total discriminant accuracy rate was 86.7%. Conclusion The mineral elements in tea can be used to distinguish the ancient Pu''er tea raw materials from different seasons and different origins.