铝土矿层状粘土岩类破碎顶板支护技术研究

山西铝土矿矿体层状、似层状缓倾斜赋存,直接顶板以破碎粘土岩为主,脉内典型巷道的变形破坏特征以破碎铝土矿冒落带的顶板低强度粘土岩冒顶为主要特征。本文基于对铝土矿层状粘土岩类破碎顶板的工程地质条件,采用FLAC3D模拟软件分析了原支护下的巷道变形破坏过程,得出了巷道变形力学机制；根据变形力学机制,制定了两种支护方案并进行模拟对比分析,确定了典型巷道锚索+钢筋网+钢筋梯的支护方案(锚索长7m,三角形布置,网度2m×1.6m)。锚索深部端锚入老顶,施加预紧力使顶板表面敷设的钢筋梯、网片与锚索形成整体,联合发挥悬吊、预紧、防护的一体化支护能力。经过现场实施表明以锚索+钢筋网+钢筋梯为主体的耦合支护技术能够满足铝土矿粘土岩类巷道的支护要求。

Study on the support technology of broken roof of layered clay rock in bauxite

The ore body of Shanxi bauxite is stratified and stratiform-like with gentle dip. The orebody direct roof is mainly broken clay rock. The deformation and failure characteristics of typical roadway in the vein are mainly characterized by the roof of the broken bauxite caving zone with low strength claystone caving. This paper is based on the engineering geological conditions of the broken roof of layered claystone in bauxite. FLAC3D simulation software was used to analyze the deformation and failure process of roadway under the original support and obtain the mechanical mechanism of roadway deformation. According to the mechanism of deformation mechanics, two support schemes were developed and compared. The typical support scheme anchor cable steel belt + steel mesh coupling support (anchor cable 7m long, triangular arrangement and 2m×1.6m mesh) was determined. The anchor cable was fixed in the main roof. Pre-tensioning force was applied to make the steel ladder, mesh and anchor cable laid on the surface of the roof form a whole, and the integrated support ability of suspension, pretension and protection was brought into full play. The field implementation showed that the coupling support technology with anchor cable + steel mesh + steel ladder can meet the support requirements of the bauxite clay rock roadway.