心血管系统键合图模型研究

针对目前心血管系统模型难以扩展的问题，根据人体心血管系统的解剖结构，提出了基于键合图技术的心血管系统整体模型.该模型由心脏、头部循环、颈部循环、肺循环、冠脉循环、腹部循环和四肢循环构成，共包含54个微分方程，可以仿真得到各段血管上的压力波、流量波等生理信号以及每搏输出量、心输出量和射血分数等心血管参数.在正常生理情况下，仿真得到收缩压和舒张压为115和78 mmHg、每搏输出量80 mL、心输出量5.76 L、射血分数64.5%.仿真结果表明,该模型对人体心血管系统的仿真是有效的.通过调节模型的输入参数仿真了动脉粥样硬化、高血压和锁骨下动脉狭窄情况下的血流动力学情况，仿真结果与病理情况一致.该模型高度结构化，各分支间相对独立，具有很好的扩展性.

Bond graph model for cardiovascular system

Corresponding to human anatomical structure, a bond graph model for cardiovascular circulation system including heart, head and neck circulation, pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation, abdomen circulation and extremity circulation was developed, which comprise of 54 mathematical equations. The blood pressure and blood flow wave on arbitrary site of circulation can be obtained by solving the equations, meanwhile, the stroke volume, cardiac output and eject fraction of heart can be computed. The model achieved the typical physiological parameters such as, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 115/78 mmHg, stroke volume 80 mL, cardiac output 5.76 L and eject fraction 64.5%. The simulation results were in agreement with the human physiological experimental data, so that the validity of the model was verified. By adjusting the initial condition parameters of the model, the simulations for pathological features of the cardiovascular system, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and stenosis in left subclavicle artery were implemented, with the results being consistent with human pathological features. Furthermore, the components of the model are composed of identical but independent structures, so the model is flexible to be extended.