蒙脱土有机改性对丁基橡胶复合材料微观结构与性能的影响

采用季铵盐有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)与丁基橡胶(IIR)机械共混和硫化制备成复合材料。研究了蒙脱土有机改性前后对复合材料的微观结构、力学和芥子气防护性能的影响。透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)显示IIR/OMMT复合材料为插层型纳米复合材料,而IIR/MMT为未插层的微米复合材料。复合材料的微观结构和填料的界面活性对其力学性能影响重大,IIR/OMMT复合材料的力学性能明显优于IIR/MMT复合材料的力学性能。添加有机或无机蒙脱土都可使芥子气在丁基橡胶中的扩散系数显著降低。而芥子气在IIR/OMMT中的扩散系数更低,这显示出IIR/OMMT复合材料的芥子气防护性能更加优异。

Influence of Montmorillonite Organic Modification on the Microstructure and Properties of IIR Composites

The isobutylene-isoprene rubber(IIR)/montmorillonites modified with quaternary ammonium composites were prepared by melt compounding and sulfur curing.Effect of unmodified and organically modified montmorillonites on the microstructure,mechanical properties and sulfur mustard protection of IIR composites were investigated.The results of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show that the IIR composites reinforced with organically modified montmorillonites(OMMT) are intercalated nanocomposites and the IIR composites reinforced with unmodified montmorillonites(MMT) are unintercalated microcomposites.The microstructure of the composite and interfacial activity of the filler have important influences on mechanical properties.Compared with the IIR/ MMT composites,the IIR/OMMT composites have more excellent mechanical proporties.Sulfur mustard diffusion coefficients in IIR composites notably decreased when OMMT or MMT is added.However,IIR/OMMT composites afford better protection against the sulfur mustard due to sulfur mustard diffusion coefficients are a little lower in IIR/OMMT composites than IIR/MMT composites.