近地面与超高空台风风场不同时距湍流特性对比分析

基于台风“海鸥”、“凤凰”、“蔷薇”和“莫拉克”的近地面风场和台风“凡亚比”、“鲇鱼”和“狮子山”的超高空风场实测资料，进行了近地面和超高空台风风场不同平均时距(3 s、1 min、10 min和60 min)台风湍流特性的对比分析，研究了边界层台风风场的湍流特性及其与平均时距的关系。研究表明：台风风场的平均风速、风向角随平均时距的增加逐渐趋于平稳；1 min和3 s平均时距风参数能较好地反映平均风速、风向角、湍流度和阵风因子尤其是风速较大时的脉动性和变化规律；近地面与超高空台风风场的不同时距平均风速的离散性和平均最大风速之间的比例相差较大；随着平均风速的增大，近地面与超高空台风风场不同时距湍流度和阵风因子的变化规律与离散性相差较大；日本风荷载规范(AIJRLB-2004)公式基本适用于我国沿海超高空台风风场顺风向湍流度的估计；当平均时距小于10min时，随着平均时距的减小，近地面和超高空台风风场的顺风向湍流度均比横风向减小得快；超高空台风风场的3 s时距顺风向湍流度均值略小于横风向，近地面台风风场的3 s时距顺风向湍流度均值大幅小于横风向。

Comparative study of turbulence characteristics at different time intervals of surface boundary layer and super-high altitude typhoon field

Based on the field measurement of surface boundary layer wind field during the passage of typhoon Kalmaegi, Fung-wong, Jangmi and Morakot, and the super-high altitude wind field during the passage of typhoon Fanabi, Megi and Lionrock, this paper conducted a comparative study of turbulence intensity at different time intervals (3 seconds、1 minute、10 minutes and 1 hour) of surface boundary layer and super-high altitude typhoon field, and analyzed the turbulence characteristics and its relationship with different time intervals of boundary layer typhoon field. The results clearly demonstrate that the mean wind speed and wind direction gradually stabilized with the increase of the time interval. 1 minute or 3 seconds time interval data reveals a good fluctuating and variations characteristics of mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity and gust factor, especially on larger wind speed occasion. There is great difference between the surface boundary layer and super-high altitude typhoon field in the aspects of mean wind speed discreteness and the ratios between the maximum mean wind speeds at different time intervals. The code empirical formula estimation recommended by the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJRLB-2004) can be roughly utilized in the longitudinal turbulence intensity estimation of super-high altitude wind field in southeast China coast. The longitudinal turbulence intensity decreases more quickly than the lateral turbulence intensity with the decrease of the time interval when the time interval is shorter than 10 minutes. The 3 seconds time interval turbulence intensity in longitudinal direction is smaller than the value in lateral direction lightly for the super-high altitude typhoon field. The 3 seconds time interval turbulence intensity in longitudinal direction is smaller than the value in lateral direction greatly for the surface boundary layer typhoon field.