高分子表面活性剂的研究现状

概述了近年来高分子表面活性剂研究的主要进展及现状，包括天然改性及化学合成类高分子表面活性剂。天然改性高分子表面活性剂主要介绍了纤维素类。纤维素类的改性是将带长链烷基的疏水性物质接枝到纤维素链段上，使其具有两亲特性来提高表面活性。目前超声波法是制备纤维素类高分子表面活性剂的一种新途径。对于化学合成类，由于单体种类选择和组成变化范围广，且合成手段多，因此品种较多。化学合成类的主要合成方法有两亲单体均聚、亲油／亲水单体共聚及在水溶性较好的大分子物质上引入两亲单体。目前，高分子表面活性剂领域的研究仍进展缓慢，在合成同时具有超高分子量和高表面活性的问题上还值得深入研究。

Present Situation of Research in Polymer Surfactants

Polymer surfactant has recently received a lot of attention because it is a kind of substances with both high molecular weight and high surface activity and has great prospect in oil recovery, paint industry, bionics filming and so on. This paper reviews their development and status quo about recent years, including modified natural substance polymer surfactants and synthesized polymer surfactants. The modification of cellulose is grafting the hydrophobic groups onto cellulose to improve its surface activity. Up to now, the method of ultrasonic irradiation is an efficient way. There are large amount of species of synthesized surfactants. The main synthesized methods are homopolymerization of amphiphilic monomers, copolymerization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer and grafting the amphiphilic monomer onto high molecular. It is shown that some advances in synthesizing high molecular weight and high surface activity polymer surfactants are made in the last more than five years. But at present, there is no polymer surfactant that has both a super high molecular weight and high surface activity. A lot of works need to be done about the polymer surfactants.