加热炉的选型与工艺设计

目前原油管道上输油站内对原油进行加热的方式有直接加热和间接加热两种,直接加热方式是用于加热炉直接加热原油。直接加热为原油在炉内直接加热,方式虽然设备简单,投资较低,但一旦断流或偏流容易因炉管过热而结焦。故此种加热方式现在并不常用,易造成事故。为确保安全,应设置防偏流、断流、结焦的自控保护系统;另外应在露点以上运行,以避免对流管管壁造成低温露点腐蚀。间接加热方式是目前比较常用的,间接加热炉通过加热中间介质来给原油换热,根据中间介质的不同,可以分为热媒炉和分体式相变炉。主要介绍加热炉的选型,效率规定、热负荷计算并结合工程实际说明分体式相变炉在输油站场中的设计重点。

Type Selection and Process Design of Heating Furnace

The ways to heat crude oil include direct heating and indirect heating for the crude oil pipeline station. Direct heating mode is used for heating crude oil directly which has the characteristics of simple equipment and saving investment. But oil is directly heated in the oven, the cutoff or bias flow can easily cause accidents of furnace tube overheating and coking. So, the direct heating mode is not commonly used. In order to ensure safety, control protection system should be set against the bias flow, block and coking. In addition, furnace should be run above the dew point to avoid the convection tube wall corrosion caused by low temperature dew point. The indirect heating mode is more commonly used at present. The indirect heating furnace heats crude oil by heating medium. According to different intermediate medium, the indirect heating furnace can be divided into HTM furnace and split phase transformation furnace. In this paper,how to select the heating furnace was mainly introduced as well as efficiency regulation and heat load calculation. Besides, design key points of split phase transformation furnace were discussed combined with practical construction examples in the oil station.