二维原子晶体材料中的各向异性研究概述

二维原子晶体材料简称二维材料,因载流子迁移和热量扩散都被限制在二维平面内,展现出了许多奇特的性质而受到了广泛关注.二维材料的带隙可调特性在场效应管、光电器件、热电器件等领域应用广泛.另外二维材料的自旋自由度和谷自由度的可控性使得二维材料在自旋电子学和谷电子学等领域也引发了深入的研究.不同的二维材料由于晶体结构的特殊性质导致了不同的电学特性或者光学特性的各向异性,包括拉曼光谱、光致发光光谱、二阶谐波谱、光吸收谱、热导率、电导率等性质的各向异性.这些各向异性特性在偏振光电器件、偏振热电器件、仿生器件、偏振光探等领域拥有巨大的发展潜力.二维材料的各向异性还能够用于实现器件性能的最优化.文章介绍了各种二维材料的各向异性的最新研究进展.

Review on the Anisotropic Properties in Two-dimensional Atomic Materials

Two-dimensional atomic crystalline materials have attracted significant attention for their unprecedented properties, which are attributed to the fact that their carriers and heat transportation are confined in a 2D plane.The bandgap tunability of 2D materials gives them very useful applications in field effect transistors, optoelectronics, thermo-electronics, etc.Moreover, the degree of freedom of spin and valley can be modulated in 2D materials, which makes them promising materials for spin-electronic and valley-electronics.Different crystal structure of different two-dimensional material leads to different electronic or optical anisotropy, including Raman spectra, photoluminescence spectra, second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra, absorption, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity.These anisotropic properties have great potential in the field of polarized optoelectric devices, polarized thermoelectric devices, artificial bio-devices, polarization detectors, etc.The anisotropic properties of a particular material can be useful in optimization of device performance.Therefore, in this article, we attempt to provide an overview of diffe-rent anisotropic properties of two-dimensional materials.