黄河下游滩区受淹后国家补偿问题研究

通过对黄河下游滩区基本情况和功能的分析以及与淮河行洪区的比较，指出黄河下游滩区频繁受淹对黄河治理开发的不利影响主要有：①中小洪水时影响防洪安全；②影响滩区人民生命财产安全和区域经济的发展；③限制了黄河治理方略的实施；④影响了河道依法管理的进程。黄河下游滩区具有明显的蓄滞洪区的性质和功能，几十年来，这些功能的发挥为黄河的安澜起到了巨大的作用，但由于黄河处理泥沙的特殊需要，滩区没有按蓄滞洪区进行控制运用，造成了黄河下游滩区没有能够享有蓄滞洪区的补偿政策。因而，应尽快将黄河下游滩区列入国家蓄滞洪区名录，受淹后由国家给予相应补偿，国家补偿的基本方式包括：①风险公平的事前基本补偿；②临时撤离的安置补偿；③基本生产损失的补偿等。

Study on State Compensation for Floodplain Inundation of the Lower Yellow River

The paper points out that the main negative effects to the floodplain on the lower Yellow River are: a) To affect the safety of flood control of the Yellow River during dominant and small-sized floods; b) To effect the safety of the local people's life and properties and regional economic development; c) To restrict the implementation of a general plan of the lower Yellow River management and; d) To effect the cause of the river channel management according to law through the basic situation introduction to the floodplain on the lower Yellow River and comparison with that of the flooding area of the Huaihe River. The floodplain of the lower Yellow River notably has the functions of a flood detention basin and played a tremendous function on safety of the river for several decades. Due to special needs for the sediment treatment, the floodplain is not operated as the standard of a flood detention basin and caused the floodplain not enjoying the compensation policies. Thus, it should put the floodplain on the lower Yellow River into the list of state detention basins as soon as possible and get the state relevant compensations. The basic types of state compensation are a) basic compensation before the event under the conditions of risk equilibrium; b) arrangement compensation for temporary withdrawal and; c) compensation for basic production loss.