高温海洋环境下过渡金属基合金的腐蚀与防护研究进展

综述了高温海洋腐蚀环境的类型，以及各类合金在不同环境下的腐蚀失效机理。重点考察了Fe、Ti、Ni基合金内部的主要元素在高温下的扩散行为，及其与侵蚀性离子之间的交互作用。从盐雾腐蚀以及熔融热腐蚀2个角度，讨论了化学/电化学反应发生的可能性。基于氧化腐蚀过程中复合氧化膜的形成过程，总结了氧化膜与侵蚀性离子以及杂质气体的再作用机理，明确了保护性氧化膜和非保护性氧化膜的类型。从合金化的角度，揭示了Cr、Al等元素对防腐性能提升的关键作用，指出了材料计算在高温海洋环境的潜在应用价值。最后归纳了高温海洋环境下的涂层防护手段和材料体系，其中结构稳定性和界面反应问题是涂层材料研究的重点。在未来研究方向上，指出应该重点关注腐蚀过程中活性元素的交互作用以及钝化膜的形成机理，筛选有效防护元素。利用氧化、盐雾等多种腐蚀条件，依托构效关系进行涂层优化，形成系统的海洋高温涂层防护方案。高熵合金涂层作为新兴体系在高温防护上的应用具有研究价值。

Research Progress on Corrosion and Protection of Transition Metal-based Alloys in High Temperature Marine Environment

This paper summarizes the types of high temperature marine corrosion environment and the corrosion failure mechanism of various alloys in different environments. The diffusion behavior of main elements in Fe, Ti and Ni based alloys at high temperature and the interaction with corrosive ions are investigated. The possibility of chemical / electrochemical reaction is discussed from the perspectives of salt spray corrosion and molten hot corrosion. Based on the formation process of composite oxide film in the process of oxidation and corrosion, the reaction mechanism of oxide film with corrosive ions and impurity gas is summarized, and the types of protective oxide film and non-protective oxide film are defined. From the perspective of alloying, the key role of Cr, Al and other elements in improving the anti-corrosion performance is revealed, and the potential application value of material calculation in high-temperature marine environment is pointed out. Finally, the coating protection means and material system in high-temperature marine environment are summarized, in which the structural stability and interface reaction are the focus of coating material research. In the future research direction, this paper points out that we should focus on the interaction of active elements and the formation mechanism of passive film in the corrosion process, and screen effective protective elements. Using oxidation, salt spray and other corrosion conditions, the coating is optimized based on the structure-activity relationship, and a systematic marine high-temperature coating protection scheme is formed. As a new system, the application of high entropy alloy coating in high temperature protection has research value.