基于近场测试的相控阵天线自动化校准 与阵面监测方法

相控阵天线装配好之后，由于各组成部件机械加工误差、装配误差、部件老化更换和环境温度改变等因素，各 单元通道的初始幅相产生差异，因此必须对天线的所有系统进行校准。本文针对小型化相控阵平台，通过硬连接将相控 阵天线的波控系统与测试设备相结合，提出一种简便的自动化近场逐点校准方法。同时，本文还提出一种简单的外监测 方法。当相控阵天线工作期间，可对阵面的幅相分布进行监测。可在相控阵天线工作期间，对近场幅相校准数据进行修 正，达到阵面自身校准的目的。经对一个16阵元的相控阵天线进行实验测量可知，该自动化校准与阵面自身校准方法可 以准确、快捷测试出天线阵面的幅相分布。非常适合一维、二维相控阵天线，尤其是小型化相控阵天线的幅相校准与监 测。

Auto-Calibration and Array Monitoring of Phased Array Antenna Based on Near Field Measurement

Every element channel will generates both amplitude and phase differences due to many factors, such as component manufacturing and assembly tolerances, component degeneration and replacement, surrounding temperature changing, etc. The whole system should be calibrated, after assembling of the phased array antenna. A simple auto-calibration method based on near field measurement is presented. Besides, a simple external-monitoring method is introduced to correct the auto-calibration results, during the phased array antenna working. The methods have been verified on a 16-elements linear experimental array. The methods have well accuracy and high speed to obtain the amplitude and phase distributions of phased array antenna, which can be applied on the calibration of 1-D and 2-D phased array radar, specially for the calibration of packed phased array antennas.