Chemical composition and toxicological activity of liquefaction materials derived from different feed coal ranks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea;2. Green Materials & Processes Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan, 44413, Republic of Korea;1. Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;2. Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Geography, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, UK;3. Department of Anthropology, Old World Archaeology Program, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, Unit 2176, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;4. Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 24a Marshall Baghramyan Avenue, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia;5. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, 507 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA;6. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Charents 15, 375019 Yerevan, Armenia;7. NERC Argon Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise and Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK;8. Department of Cartography and Geomorphology, State University of Yerevan, Alek Manukyan 1, 375049 Yerevan, Armenia;9. Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK;1. Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel;2. St George’s University of London Medical School, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel;3. Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel;4. Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;5. Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;6. The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;1. IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France;2. IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France;3. Department of General, Digestive, and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;4. Department of Virology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;1. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia;2. Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;3. Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia;4. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;5. Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA |
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| Abstract: | Samples of recycle solvent from the bottoms recycle mode of the EDS direct coal liquefaction process using bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal feeds were chemically characterized and tested for toxicological response. The H-Coal heavy fuel oils derived from bituminous and sub-bituminous coals were also analyzed. Chemical methods of analysis included adsorption column chromatography, high-resolution gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and low-voltage probe-inlet mass spectrometry. The toxicological activity of selected samples was evaluated using the standard histidine reversion microbial mutagenicity assay, an initiation/promotion assay for mouse-skin tumorigenicity, and a static bioassay with Daphnia magna for aquatic toxicity of the water-soluble fractions. Both materials derived from the bituminous coals had the following chemical characteristics as compared to their sub-bituminous coal and/or lignite-derived counterparts: higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds, and hydroxy-substituted PAH; lower concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons; and a generally increased molecular weight distribution of approximately ten atomic mass units. Toxicological testing indicated a general trend of increased biological activity of the coal liquefaction products with increasing feed coal rank. |
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