碳纳米角的制备及其应用进展

碳纳米角(Carbon nanohorns,CNHs)具有独特的物理化学性能,本文综述其制备方法、结构特征、形成机理、性能及其应用.用电弧放电法或CO2激光蒸发法,可工业化大规模生产高品质、低成本、无催化剂的CNHs.CNHs的形貌为大丽花型和种子型,由上千个单壁锥形碳管自组装形成.锥形管的尖端具有帽檐结构,锥角为20...

A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have become the focus of intense research due to their special physical and chemical properties. The preparation, structure, formation mechanism, property and applications of CNHs were presented in this review. As processes of cost-effective, high-purity, high-yield (industrial scale) and catalyst-free, CNHs can be produced by arc discharge and CO₂ laser ablation. CNHs are spherical aggregates, consisting of thousands of individual nanohorns with 2~5 nm in diameter and 20° cone angle. The tips of individual CNH have massive topological defects, for example, pentagon- and heptagon-shaped ones. The core part is made up of disordered graphene, hence such a compound structure leads to distinct physical and chemical properties compared with other nano-carbons. In addition, the diameter of CNHs can be adjusted within the range of 50~400 nm by adjusting the experimental procedures and parameters, correspondingly, their morphology changes form "dahlia-like"- to "bud-like"-type. The high purity and thermal stability, excellent electrical conductivity, combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, high surface area after post treatments make CNHs a promising candidate in many applications, such as super capacitor, catalyst support or catalyst, drug carrier systems, etc. Finally there still exist more unknown physical and chemical properties and application potential for this novel carbon nanohorns, which should be further studied.