日本农村分散集落中小城市的出现及其特征

日本古代的制度集村经中世的土地分裂形成分散的农业集落,是近现代工业化、城市化的基础。由于人多地少和农村工业的发展,在人口向东京等三大城市圈集中的同时,农村就地城市化仍然存在。由于铁路等基础设施的建设,农村的可达性增强、地方经济逐渐全球化,并同时进行地方行政制度改革与土地资源整合。政策引导下的国家投入与地方建设使农村在分散集落中出现了大量的人口聚居区,即相互联系的小规模的开放性的多元分散城市。本文用大量的日本资料与数据,以茨城县为例分析日本农村地域多元分散城市的形成与分布、社会经济特征、集落空间结构,并对有相似历史和人多地少国情的中国的城市化与农村建设提出建议。

EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIPLEX CITY AMONG DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS IN RURAL JAPAN

In Japan, the dispersed settlements in rural area, formed in 19th century with the broken of land rule, were the base of industrialization and urbanization. Because of the high rate of population to land and the development of rural industries, the local urbanization co-existed with the population agglomeration in three metropolitan areas. As a result of the infrastructure construction like railway, the enhanced accessibility of rural area, the globalization of local economy, the local government innovation...