从"志于道"到"从于王"--上古士风嬗变一瞥

春秋战国时期,诸侯并争。为了延揽人才,富国强兵,任何一个诸侯国都不可能推行文化上的专制主义。在相对宽松、自由的社会环境里,作为思想文化传承和发展主要载体的士人,一直保持着自身的人格独立,坚守着自己的精神家园。这在漫长的中国古代史上,实为仅见。及至秦汉一统天下,尤其是西汉王国问题解决以后,统治者开始积极谋求思想文化上的大一统。“一打一拉”的策略使士人无路可逃。为了生存、发展,他们不得不“为五斗米折腰”。其人生选择遂由“志于道”变为“从于王”。封建时代政治格局对思想文化的深刻影响在这一变化过程中得到了清晰的体现。

From" devoting to the doctrines" to "following the emperor"--On the change of the ancient scholars'''' character

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the kingdoms kept contending for hegemomy. In order to enlist the qualified personnel and make their kingdoms rich and powerful, any of the rulers could not carry out the cultural autocracy . In the ralatively unrestrained and free social environment, as the carrier of the spread and develepment of ideological culture, the scholars kept their independant character and spiritual homeland all along. In the long Chinese Ancient History, the phenomenon had really no parallel. After Qin Han Dynasties, especially after the settlement of the problem caused by the kingdoms in Western - Han Dynasty, however, the emperor began to seek the unity of the ideological culture . The "Beating and drawing"policy made the scholars have nowhere to escape. In order to make a living, they had to "Bend their waists for 5 - dou rice" and so their life choice changed into "Following the emperor" instead of"Devoted to the Doctrines" . From the process, we could see clearly the profound influence of the feudalistic political pattern exerted to the ideological culture.